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With transit time flow measurement (TTFM), ultrasound is used to measure blood flow volume directly. TTFM is based on the fact that the time required for ultrasound to travel through moving blood is slightly longer upstream (tu) than downstream (td). Using the wide beam ultrasound principle, flow volume can be measured regardless of the flow velocity, as long as the whole cross-section of the vessel remains inside the measurement area of the probe.
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